Parkinson's Support Group

What is Parkinson's Disease?

Parkinson’s Disease is a chronic, progressive, neurological disorder resulting from the destruction of the cells that produce the neurotransmitter, dopamine, in the part of the brain called the substantia nigra. Dopamine is important because it sends signals from the brain to the muscles to complete smooth coordinated movements. Without dopamine the person becomes incapable of initiating and controlling movements normally. Why these dopamine-producing cells deteriorate is unknown. Both environmental and genetic factors probably play a role.

What are the symptoms of Parkinson's Disease?

Four primary symptoms include:

• Tremor of the hands, arms, legs, jaw, face or head

• Muscle rigidity; stiffness of limbs and trunk

• Postural instability/ impaired balance and coordination

• Slowness of movement (Bradykinesia)

Secondary symptoms may include:

• Difficulty walking and small, fast shuffling steps

• Reduced facial expression

• Small, cramped handwriting

• Depression and/or anxiety

• Changes in speech and swallowing

• “Freezing,” sudden halting of movement

How is Parkinson's Disease Treated?

Evaluation by a neurologist is essential. While there is no known cure for the disease, a combination of medication and exercise therapy may be helpful. Many medications are available for treating PD symptoms; the proper combination and timing are critical to successful outcomes. Good nutrition and support along with physical, occupational, and speech rehabilitation play a key role in treating a patient with Parkinson’s. Sometimes surgical intervention may be beneficial.